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Quantum-safe cryptography
Hovanová, Tatiana ; Člupek, Vlastimil (oponent) ; Zeman, Václav (vedoucí práce)
This bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of quantum computatutions and their use in cryptanalytic algorithms. The introductory chapters are devoted to explaining the basic concepts of quantum theory and quantum operations. Part of the thesis describes effects, that affect DiVincenzo’s criteria, such as superposition, quantum entanglement, quantum interference, decoherence, and quantum error correction. The current quantum computer chapter deals with the current stage of the quantum computer development by IBM, D-Wave and Intel. Shor’s and Grover’s algorithm are described from cryptoanalytical algorithms, and their impact on security is also described. Post-quantum cryptography is represented by cryptosystems from four basic directions: hash-based cryptography (Lamport’s scheme, Merkle’s scheme), cryptography based on coding theory (McEliece cryptosystem), grid-based cryptography (NTRU cryptosystem) and cryptography based on polynomial equations (stream cipher QAUD). The next part of the thesis is devoted to the design of a web-based educational application that includes, among other things, laboratory tasks demonstrating the current possibilities of quantum circuits. The website explains the principles of selected operations, cryptosystems and algorithms in the form of animations. The first laboratory task deals with the introduction to quantum computations. It contains five partial tasks explaining the basics of quantum operation (Hadamard, X-rotation, Z-rotation, Y-rotation, etc.). The second task includes instructions for constructing the Grover’s algorithm using the Quirk simulator.
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Quantum-safe cryptography
Hovanová, Tatiana ; Člupek, Vlastimil (oponent) ; Zeman, Václav (vedoucí práce)
This bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of quantum computatutions and their use in cryptanalytic algorithms. The introductory chapters are devoted to explaining the basic concepts of quantum theory and quantum operations. Part of the thesis describes effects, that affect DiVincenzo’s criteria, such as superposition, quantum entanglement, quantum interference, decoherence, and quantum error correction. The current quantum computer chapter deals with the current stage of the quantum computer development by IBM, D-Wave and Intel. Shor’s and Grover’s algorithm are described from cryptoanalytical algorithms, and their impact on security is also described. Post-quantum cryptography is represented by cryptosystems from four basic directions: hash-based cryptography (Lamport’s scheme, Merkle’s scheme), cryptography based on coding theory (McEliece cryptosystem), grid-based cryptography (NTRU cryptosystem) and cryptography based on polynomial equations (stream cipher QAUD). The next part of the thesis is devoted to the design of a web-based educational application that includes, among other things, laboratory tasks demonstrating the current possibilities of quantum circuits. The website explains the principles of selected operations, cryptosystems and algorithms in the form of animations. The first laboratory task deals with the introduction to quantum computations. It contains five partial tasks explaining the basics of quantum operation (Hadamard, X-rotation, Z-rotation, Y-rotation, etc.). The second task includes instructions for constructing the Grover’s algorithm using the Quirk simulator.
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